Plant and Soil Science

The article presents the results of scientific research on the influence of the system of primary soil tillage and protection of sunflower on its actual weeds infestation. It was established that the number of weeds in agrocenosis depends on the technology of sunflower growing, biological characteristics of culture and weeds, and weather conditions. It was established that the primary soil tillage is one of the most effective weeds control measures. The smallest number of weeds in sunflower crops was after plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm. After chisel cultivation at such depth, the amount of weeds increased by 2.3 times. The conduct of shallow and surface cultivation with disk harrows has led to an increase in weeds at 2.6 and 3.0 times, respectively. Found that the weeds is the biggest rival of sunflower plants for moisture, nutrients and light. The critical period in sunflower for the specified factors of life is the period of Inflorescence emergence - flowering. Care of crops significantly reduces the negative effect of weeds on the growth, development and productivity of cultivated plants. In the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine, the most economically expedient and environmentally safe to grow sunflower behind the plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm and chisel cultivation at a depth of 25-27 cm. Caring for sunflower is carried out by means of holding the pre-harvest and post-harvest harrowing with tooth harrows into the phase of "white thread" of weeds and two inter-row cultivations with hilling. Fusilade Forte should be applicate to the phase of 2-4 leaves for annual weeds and at a height of 10-15 cm for perennial grass weeds in the normal range of 0.5 l / hectare with a width of up to 15 cm.

sunflower, actual weeds infestation, primary soil cultivation, efficiency